'Paul,1a servant2of Christ3Jesus,4called5to bean apostle,6set apart7for8the gospel9of God,10 which1he promised beforehand2through3his6prophets5in7theholy9Scriptures,8 concerning1his4Son,3who was descended678from David9according to10the flesh11 andwas declared2to bethe1Son3of God4in5power6according to7the Spirit8of holiness9by10hisresurrection from11the dead,12Jesus13Christ14our17Lord,16 through1whom2we have received3grace4and5apostleship6to bring about7the obedience8of faith9for the sake of14his17name16among10all11the12nations,13 [including]1you5who2are3called6[to belong to] Jesus7Christ,8 To all1those2in4Rome5who are3loved6[by] God7andcalled [to be]8saints:9Grace10to you11and12peace13from14God15our17Father16and18the Lord19Jesus20Christ.21 First,1I thank3my6God5through7Jesus8Christ9for10all of11you,12because13your16faith15is proclaimed17in18all19the20world.21 For2God6is4my3witness,1whom7I serve8with9my12spirit11in13the14gospel15of17his18Son,17that19without ceasing20I23mention21you22 always1in2my5prayers,4asking6thatsomehow78by12God’s16will14I may11now9at last10succeed11in coming17to18you.19 For2I long1to see3you,4that5I may impart7to you9some6spiritual10gift8to strengthen13you —14 that1is,3that wemay be mutually encouraged4by7each other’s10faith,11both13yours12and14mine.15 I do2not1want2you4to be unaware,5brothers,6that7I have9often8intended9to come10to11you12(but13thus far151617have been prevented),14in order that18I may reap21some19harvest20among23you24as well as25among27the28rest29of the Gentiles.30 I am10under obligation9both2to Greeks1and3to barbarians,4both6to the wise5and7to the foolish.8 So1I4ameager5to preach the gospel11to you7also6who [are]8in9Rome.10 For2I am3not1ashamed3of the4gospel,5for7it is9the power6of God8for10salvation11to everyone1213who believes,14to the Jew15first17and16also18to the Greek.19 For2in4it5the righteousness1of God3is revealed6from7faith8for9faith,10as11it is written,12“The13righteous15shall live18by16faith.”17 For2the wrath3of God4is revealed1from5heaven6against7all8ungodliness9and10unrighteousness11of men,12who18by16theirunrighteousness17suppress18the14truth.15 For1[what can be] known23about God5is7[plain]6to8them,9because12God11has shown14itto them.13 For2his4invisible attributes,3namely,13his15eternal14power16and17divine nature,18have been clearly11perceived,10eversince5the creation6of the world,7in the things8that have been made.9So1920they22are21without excuse.23 For although1they knew2God,4they did8not5honor8himas6God7or9give thanks10to him,but11they became futile12in13their16thinking,15and17their21foolish20hearts22were darkened.18 Claiming1to be2wise,3they became fools,4 and1exchanged2the3glory4of the5immortal6God7for8images10resembling9mortal11man12and13birds14and15animals16and17creeping things.18 Therefore1God5gave2them3up2in6the7lusts8of10their11hearts10to12impurity,13to the16dishonoring15oftheir18bodies17among19themselves,20 becausethey1exchanged2the3truth4about God6for7a8lie9and10worshiped11and12served13the14creature15rather than16the17Creator,18who19is20blessed21forever!2224Amen.25 For1this2reason1God6gave3them4up3to7dishonorable9passions.8For12their14women13exchanged15natural17relations18for19those20that arecontrary to21nature;22 and2the4men5likewise1gave up6natural8relations9withwomen11andwere consumed12with13passion15for17one another,18men19committing24shameless acts23with20men21and25receiving35in33themselves34the26due penalty27for29their32error.31 And1since2they did4not3see fit4to acknowledge789God,6God13gave10them11up10to14a debased15mind16to do17what ought1820not19to be done.20 They were filled with1all [manner of]2unrighteousness,3evil,4covetousness,5malice.6They arefull7of envy,8murder,9strife,10deceit,11maliciousness.12They aregossips,13 slanderers,1haters of God,2insolent,3haughty,4boastful,5inventors6of evil,7disobedient9to parents,8 foolish,1faithless,2heartless,3ruthless.4 Thoughthey1know6God’s5righteous decree3that7those8who practice11such things10deserve1214to die,13they18not15only16do18them17but19give approval21to those22who practice23them.